CD BioGlyco has rich experience to analyze HMO according to our clients' detailed requirements by various methods. We have high sense of responsibility and scientific attitude to assist you.
3FL is an Oligosaccharide found in human breast milk. 3FL, a structural isomer of 2'-fucosyllactose(2'FL), consisting of L-fucose, d-galactose, and d-glucose units, is structurally represented as Galβ1,4 (Fucα1,3) Glc, in which fucose residue is bound into glucose molecule via α1,3-linkage. In 3FL, L-fucose is precisely linked to the C3 of the glucose unit of lactose, whereas, in 2'FL, L-fucose is linked to the C2 of the galactose unit of Lactose. It was first isolated from human breast milk in the mid-1950s. 3FL is one of the most abundant HMOs after 2'FL, with concentrations of 0.3 to 0.58 mg/mL in human breast milk. 3FL is naturally occurring in almost all kinds of human breast milk but has until now received limited attention as compared to 2'FL. 3FL concentrations in the breast milk of healthy women vary across geographical regions, ethnicity, and lactation stages.
Fig.1 Structure of 3FL. (CD BioGlyco)
Although 3FL is naturally found in human milk with nonnegligible content, it is impractical to extract from human milk mainly due to the complex and uneconomical extraction and purification processes. It is also not suitable for chemical preparation owing to the long and tedious procedures. By comparison, enzymatic and cell factory approaches might be prevalent alternative strategies for the large-scale production of 3FL.
The physiological effects of 3FL have widely been confirmed, including prebiotic properties, immunomodulatory effects, antiadhesive antimicrobials, antiviral ability, and gastrointestinal protection. 3FL is characterized to prevent infectious diseases by inhibiting the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to specific receptors on the epithelial cell surface. In addition, infant formula containing 3FL might reduce infantile diarrhea. 3FL has been widely studied for its anti-adhesion functions against viruses/bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has also been found that 3FL-like fucosylated oligosaccharides influence the survival of children born from HIV-infected mothers. 3FL is not only effective in protection from viruses/bacteria but also functions as a prebiotic, selectively improving or suppressing the growth of beneficial and harmful microorganisms to establish a healthy gut microbiota environment.
We use a validated GC-MS method for the analysis of 3FL in breast milk. Before GC-MS analysis, hydroxylamine and hexamethyldisilazane are used to conduct TMS-oxime derivatization to stabilize the thermally labile trisaccharides for GC-MS measurements. Our approach offers the exact and precise quantitative determination of 3FL in a complicated biological matrix in the presence of the highly ample disaccharide, lactose. Our goal is to implement a simple, fast, and easily applicable method on relatively inexpensive equipment for the quantification of 3FL in different applications.
CD BioGlyco devotes to promoting technological innovation and development in the field of glycobiology. We have the confidence to customize the perfect program for clients. Please feel free to contact us directly if you need technical support, and we will try our best to provide you with the best solution.
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