CD BioGlyco possesses a great wealth of experience to research carbohydrates for our clients. We have diverse technologies for HMO analysis. We have the confidence to customize the best solution to help you resolve problems.
Breastfeeding is the gold standard of infant nutrition, and human milk oligosaccharidesrides (HMOs) are unique and important bioactive ingredients in human milk. HMOs have recently attracted increasing attention due to their health effects and applications in premium infant formula. More than 200 structurally different HMOs have been identified, including neutral-core, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs.
Sialylated HMOs are one of the most abundant and representative acidic Oligosaccharides, which accounts for about 10-30% of total HMOs, in which 3'SL, a representative and simplest one, is present at approximately 2%. 3'SL is an acidic HMO built up of glucose, Galactose, and Sialic Acid. 3'SL, structurally represented as Neu5Acα2, 3Galβ1, 4Glc, consists of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and Lactose units. The concentration of 3'SL found in human milk is variable between mothers. The concentration of sialylated HMOs in breast milk varies during the lactation period and also depends on the length of the pregnancy. The concentration of 3'SL in breast milk usually ranges from 90 to 350 mg/L during the first 35 lactation days and then increases to up to 840 μg/mL during 0.5-8 months of breastfeeding. However, the breast milk of mothers who have given birth to preterm infants contains 13-23 % more sialic acid than the milk of mothers who give birth at term. Typically, concentrations of 3'SL between 0 and 0.7 g/L are reported in mature human milk.
Fig.1 Structure of 3'SL. (CD BioGlyco)
3'SL is an important representative of the category of acidic HMOs. It inhibits rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus adhesion and/or infectivity in vitro. Also, the bacterium uropathogenic E. coli, which can cause urinary tract infection, is shown to be inhibited by 3'SL. 3'SL has also been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. In animal models for rheumatoid arthritis4 and colitis, 3'SL is shown to reduce the severity of disease and inflammation. In a study in piglets, 3'SL supplementation is shown to enrich Ganglioside sialic acid in the brain. These data suggest that 3'SL plays an important role in brain development early in life. It has been widely confirmed to display promising prebiotic effects, antiadhesive antimicrobials, antiviral activity, preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), immunomodulatory, modulating intestinal epithelial cell response, and promoting brain development and improving cognition. The safety evaluation of 3'SL has been widely studied in piglets, rats, and healthy humans. All suggest that 3'SL is safe and well-tolerant without toxicological and genotoxic effects. It has also been commercially added to infant formula.
We provide a validated approach for the quantification of 3'SL using liquid chromatography-high-resolution selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-HRSRM-MS). The samples are first defatted by centrifugation, followed by protein precipitation. The oligosaccharides are separated by using a HILIC column. HILIC has commonly been used for the separation of complex glycans, glycoconjugates, glycopeptides, and plant-sourced oligosaccharides for structural and glycomics research. At CD BioGlyco, we use a HILIC column coupled to MS to separate and quantify HMOs.
CD BioGlyco has been committed to carbohydrate analysis research for many years and has stored up rich experience. We provide accurate, reliable, and reproducible 3'SL analysis services for our global customers. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us, we are looking forward to being your research assistant in the field of carbohydrate analysis.
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