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In January 2024, Kohji Yamada and Akira Mine published an article titled "Sugar coordinates plant defense signaling" in Science Advances, revealing the crucial role of Sugar in coordinating the defense system of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and drawing a signaling flowchart of sugar in plant defense. Plants have formed a variety of constitutive and inducible defense […]

The development of nucleic acid therapy requires efficient chemical reactions to connect oligonucleotides with functional chemical modules to improve their stability, promote cellular uptake and achieve specific targeting. In the currently used siRNA therapy, the 3' end of the oligonucleotide is mainly modified with triple-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)3. However, the implementation of this modification method requires cumbersome […]

Since the first ADC drug Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) was approved by the FDA in 2000, a total of 15 ADC drugs have been approved for marketing worldwide to treat hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In addition, more than 400 ADC drugs are in different stages of development. Of the 15 approved ADC drugs, 13 are […]

As the basic components of RNA and DNA, purine nucleotides play an important role in cellular material metabolism and energy metabolism. For this reason, cells need an adequate supply of purine nucleotides to meet the needs of growth and proliferation. However, we still do not know how normal or malignant tumor tissues maintain nucleotide metabolic […]

Background With the application of nucleic acids in the treatment of diseases, human attention to nucleic acids in medicine is gradually increasing. In order to obtain a large amount of nucleic acids in a short time for use in the pharmaceutical field, the in vitro synthesis of nucleic acids is particularly important. The in vitro Synthesis of nucleic […]

Nucleotide Sugar is an activated form in the process of sugar conversion and synthesis, widely present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It is essential for the operation of physiological functions and even survival of organisms as a glycosyl donor in polysaccharide synthesis. Structurally, nucleotide sugars can be divided into nucleoside monophosphate (NMP)-sugar and nucleotide diphosphate (NDP)-sugar, […]

Most membrane proteins are proteins with N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation modifications. Glycans have no specific secondary structure and have very strong mobility, which can shield most areas of the protein surface. The high degree of freedom of glycan conformation hinders the elucidation of the overall glycoprotein structure. Glycoprotein structure can be analyzed by computer simulation, but it needs […]

Glycosylation is a common tool in drug development. The introduction of sugar units can often change the water solubility, targeting, metabolic stability and other properties of the target molecule. However, the chemical method of introducing sugar units into the target molecule still faces many challenges. Most glycosylation reactions go through oxonium intermediates or their equivalents, […]

On June 17, 2024, the team of Dawen Niu from Sichuan University and Academician Yundong Wu from Peking University published a research paper titled "Catalytic Glycosylation for Minimally Protected Donors and Acceptors" in Nature. The study reports a Glycosylation platform that enables selective coupling between unprotected or minimally protected donor sugars and acceptor sugars to produce […]