How Is Blood Type AB Formed?

The human ABO(H) blood type A and B antigens are synthesized from specific GTA and GTB, which transfer GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc and Gal from UDP-Gal, respectively, to the H antigenic disaccharide α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-OR (where R is a glycoprotein or glycolipid). An individual with the GTA gene has blood type A; those with the GTB gene have blood type B; and those with genes for both enzymes or cis-acting forms of the GTA or GTB have blood type AB. The ABO blood group system is one of the most critical blood group systems, which is determined by different antigens on the red blood cell membrane, and is closely related to the hemolytic reaction that occurs during human blood transfusion, which has important clinical significance.

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of blood type structure. (Anso, et al., 2023)

Blood Type AB Sugar Chain-based Cell Surface Glycoengineering Services at CD BioGlyco

• Synthesis and introduction of blood type AB sugar chain-based cell surface

CD BioGlyco uses gene editing technology to introduce genes related to the synthesis of blood type AB sugar chains into the cell surface, thereby achieving the independent synthesis of blood type AB sugar chains and ensuring their correct expression in cells.

• Modification and positioning of blood type AB sugar chain-based cell surface

CD BioGlyco provides specific glycosyltransferase catalytic reactions or other modification strategies to modify the synthesized blood type AB sugar chains in order to localize them to the cell surface, allowing the sugar chains to interact with the sugar structure on the cell membrane and be fixed on the cell surface.

• Sugar chain display service

CD BioGlyco applies specific detection methods or fluorescent probes to confirm that blood-type AB sugar chains are successfully displayed on the cell surface, making them available for recognition and interaction by external receptors. which helps to study the interaction mechanism between sugar chains and receptors, as well as biological functions in cell signaling, recognition, and adhesion.

• Blood type AB sugar chain-based cell surface quantitative analysis

In addition, CD BioGlyco also provides chromatography, mass spectrometry, and other technologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis of blood type AB sugar chains-based cell surfaces.

Fig.2 Blood type AB sugar chain-based cell surface glycoengineering services. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• Drug screening and development: The blood type AB sugar chains-based cell surface is applied for drug screening and development. By using compounds or antibodies that interact with sugar chains, their impact and effect on cell surface sugar chains are assessed, thereby screening for molecules with potential therapeutic properties.
• Immunotherapy research: Using cell surface blood type AB sugar chains as a model for tumor-associated antigens is used in immunotherapy research, which studies the ability of immune cells to recognize and attack these sugar chains.

Advantages

• CD BioGlyco has cutting-edge analysis tools and technologies that accurately determine the composition, connection method, and modification method of blood type AB sugar chain-based cell surface.
• CD BioGlyco provides rapid response and efficient blood group antigen-based cell surface glycoengineering services and has good project management capabilities to ensure that projects are delivered on time and meet client requirements.

CD BioGlyco has scientists and teams specializing in blood grouping and cell surface modification and provides various blood group modification services to meet different research needs. Please feel free to contact us promptly if you would like to inquire about specific blood group antigen-based cell surface glycoengineering services.