The Complex Blood Type Rh

The blood type Rh is a complex blood type system that contains 49 known antigens, 12 of which have D, C/c, and E/e antigens as the main types, and 13 are expressed through the RHCE and RHD genes in the RH locus. The RHD gene generates the D antigen, while the RHCE generates a polypeptide with C/c and E/e antigens; the remaining antigens are produced by partial deletion, recombination, mutation, or polymorphism of one or both genes. The Rh blood type system is composed of numerous antigens located in variant forms of the RhD and RhCE proteins, which form a core complex with glycosylation homologs (RhAG) in the erythrocyte membrane and are expressed only in their presence.

Fig.1 Model of topology for RhAG, RhCE, and RhD. (Avent & Reid, 2000)

Blood Type Rh Sugar Chain-based Cell Surface Glycoengineering Services at CD BioGlyco

• Introduction and modification of blood type Rh sugar chain-based cell surface

CD BioGlyco introduces Rh protein antigen to the cell surface through technical means such as transfection, transformation, or transduction.

• Adding D antigen: For Rh-negative cells (without D antigen), Rh-positive (with D antigen) glycoprotein or related genes are introduced into the surface of the target cells to express D antigen. The main methods include gene transfection and viral vector-mediated gene delivery.
• Modification of Rh antigen: Rh antigen is specifically modified for Rh-positive cells, such as glycosyl modification, which is done by transfecting the cells or by treating the cells with glycosyl-modifying enzymes after transfection, thereby changing the glycosyl groups of the Rh antigen on their surface.

• Analysis of blood type Rh antigen

CD BioGlyco detects and characterizes Rh antigens on the cell surface through technical means to determine whether cells express Rh antigens, such as immunocytochemical staining, flow cytometry, and other methods.

Fig.2 Blood type Rh sugar chain-based cell surface glycoengineering services. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• Receptor signal transduction research: By introducing the Rh blood group sugar chain structure on the cell surface, regulating the glycosylation level of cell receptors, to explore the influence of Rh blood group sugar chains on receptor signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, and other processes.
• Research on disease mechanisms: By changing the structure of Rh sugar chains on the cell surface through glycosyl engineering technology, its functions, and effects in blood type-related diseases are studied, which help reveal the relationship between Rh sugar chains and disease occurrence.

Advantages

• We have scientists and teams specializing in blood typing and cell surface modifications.
• We provide accurate and reliable RH blood group modification to ensure accurate blood group characteristics.
• We use advanced technologies and methods for cell surface modification to ensure the modification effect and quality.
• Various RH blood group modification services are provided to meet various research needs.

CD BioGlyco offers efficient and precise blood type Rh sugar chain-based cell surface glycoengineering services and provides customized services according to client needs. We have good project management skills to ensure projects are delivered on time. Please feel free to contact us in time if you would like to know the detailed content of the cell surface glycoengineering service.