Principle of DNA Replication

DNA was found by the Swiss physician and biochemist Friedrich Miescher in human leucocytes in 1869. It is present in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and many viruses. DNA codes genetic information for trait inheritance. The structure of the DNA molecule is highly stable. That makes it act as a template for the replication of new DNA molecules. A gene is a DNA segment responsible for synthesizing a specific protein within a cell. During DNA replication, the double-stranded DNA separates into two individual strands. Each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. The new strands are copied using hydrogen bonding between bases, similar to the principle observed in the double helix. Subsequently, two new double-stranded molecules of DNA are generated and each consists of the original strands and one new strand.

Fig.1 The structure of DNA. (MacKenzie, 2018)

Enzymatic Custom DNA Synthesis Service

CD BioGlyco offers an enzymatic method for the synthesis of DNA based on the template-independent polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and nucleoside 5ʹ-triphosphates (NTPs). We utilize TdT to elongate oligonucleotides in the 5ʹ-to-3ʹ direction in a promiscuous manner. TdT is capable of accepting any of the four canonical nucleotides to generate diverse sequences simultaneously. To synthesize targeted sequences using TdT, a "reversible termination" mechanism is required to control the incorporation of nucleotides. In this mechanism, NTPs are modified with a synthesis-interrupting 'terminator' or protecting group (PG) at their 3ʹ position. This modification ensures the addition of one nucleotide per reaction step and is subsequently removed to allow for the incorporation of the next desired nucleotide.

Fig.2 The repeat cycle steps of DNA synthesis. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• DNA can be used in the field of metabolic engineering. By utilizing parallel metabolic systems that interact with the natural cellular metabolic machinery, we can manipulate cells to perform practical tasks such as producing cost-effective chemicals or drugs through programming.
• By using the clarified DNA nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, we are able to synthesize polypeptides and protein genes that can be applied in actual production and research.
• DNA synthesis can be applied in medicine as DNA plays a key role as a valuable tool for clinical diagnosis.

Advantages

• Our method utilizes enzyme specificity and mild conditions to minimize side product formation and DNA damage, enabling direct synthesis of longer DNA without compromising quality.
• Our enzymatic synthesis reactions are environmentally friendly, promoting sustainability and minimizing ecosystem impact. Because they don't generate hazardous waste.
• Our strategy simplifies the synthesis process and streamlines the overall workflow.
• Our strategy utilizes enzyme engineering techniques to enhance the efficiency, specificity, and overall performance of our DNA synthesis process.

At CD BioGlyco, we are experts in DNA synthesis and the Synthesis of Modified DNA Molecules with years of experience. With our state-of-the-art technology, our exceptional research team is fully prepared to meet your specific requirements. We devote ourselves to delivering high-quality custom DNA synthesis solutions. We appreciate you to contact us, as we are excited to have the chance to support you.