The Biological Specificity of FMN

FMN is a biomolecule produced by riboflavin kinase from riboflavin (vitamin B₂). Its functions include a variety of oxidoreductases, such as NADH dehydrogenase, and serves as a cofactor of sensitive blue light protein. In the catalytic cycle, the reversible interaction of oxidized (FMN) and semiquinone (FMNH and reduced FMNH₂) occurs in a variety of oxidoreductases. FMN is a stronger oxidant than nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. FMN is involved in electron transfer and plays an important role in photosynthesis during biological oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport, and the metabolism of vitamins B₆, B₉, and B₁₂. All plants and fungi and most bacteria produce Riboflavin (RF), RF is further converted into FMN and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD).

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of FMN-related production pathways. (Liu, et al., 2020)

FMN Production Service at CD BioGlyco

CD BioGlyco is a professional biological company providing Carbohydrate Synthesis services. According to the different demands of clients, we custom the most suitable production route. We provide FMN production process methods as follows:

• Chemical method: traditionally produced by riboflavin through chemical phosphorylation of the 5'hydroxyl group. After production by chemical method, separation, and purification is also the key process. Our company has a perfect product separation platform with efficient and rapid product purification.
• Whole Cell Catalytic Method: pure FMN is produced by the enzymatic phosphorylation of riboflavin kinase (also known as flavonoids kinase, FMN synthase, or ATP, RF 5'-phosphotransferase).
• Microbial fermentation: the pfkA, edd, and eda genes were knocked out and the fbp gene was overexpressed in the target strains. Then, we expression levels of rib, purA, and guaC genes were finely regulated using synthetic sRNA technology to improve riboflavin production and yield. The biosynthesis of FMN was then improved by optimizing the ATP supply and reducing the power balance. Based on this, CD BioGlyco designed and constructed biosensors targeting specific metabolites and used high-throughput screening to modify the synthesis pathway, improve production efficiency, and screen-engineered strains on a large scale.

Fig.2 Classification of biosynthetic methods for FMN. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications of FMN

• FMN is a useful additive and nutritional fortifier in the food industry.
• FMN can be used in poultry breeding to reduce the occurrence of animal infectious diseases.
• FMN is an additive for the feed industry and biopharmaceutical industry.

Advantages

• We provide efficient production service with high isolation and purification efficiency.
• Our company pays extra attention to the process of integrated strain screening and culture expression.
• Our microbial fermentation production service is greener and safer as it does not require the addition of expensive precursors.

CD BioGlyco has been specializing in the field of Nucleotide-based Production. Our global business and solid expertise make us a trusted partner for global glycobiology researchers. If you would like to know more, please feel free to contact us.