Because carbohydrates only absorb light at a low wavelength, which leads to low sensitivity in ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. Moreover, amperometric and refractive index detections also have the disadvantage of low sensitivity in terms of glycans analysis. Therefore, the derivation of glycans is very critical in glycomics. For example, derivatization of glycans is commonly performed before reverse-phase separation and analysis, which means coupling ultraviolet absorption and fluorescent molecules to analytes to improve detection sensitivity in HPLC, CE, and other technologies. Derivatization can also be utilized to improve detectability in MS by using labels with chargeable substituents such as amines or carboxylic acid groups.
Various labels such as 2-aminobenzoamide (AB), anthranilic acid (AA), 2-amino-5-bromopyridine (ABP), and 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE) were used in the reversed-phase chromatography to make the analytes more hydrophobic so that they can interact with alkyl chains in the stationary phase. In addition to the labeling of the reduction end, other derivation methods such as the reduction of the reducing end and the hypermethylation are also widely used.
Fig.1 Structures of labels used in reversed-phase chromatography of oligosaccharides. (Gerda,2017)
Based on years of experience in providing services in the field of glycobiology, CD BioGlyco provides professional and high-quality glycan derivatization services, including end-reduction derivatization, hydroxyl derivatization, and sialic acid derivatization. We are dedicated to providing an efficient one-stop service to help our clients with a wide range of studies in the field of glycomics. If you need any further information, please feel free to contact us.
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