Bladder Cancer (BC) and Glycosylation

BC is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide characterized by a high risk of invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. The capricious outcomes of BC patients were contributed by the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity at the genomic, transcriptional, and cellular levels. Glycosylation serves as a post-translational modification that relates to the enzymatic linkage of monosaccharides or whole oligosaccharides to specific amino acids within proteins. The glycosylation-related genes, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, and nucleotide sugar synthesis and transporter genes, are named glycogenes. Tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis involve aberrant glycosylation and play an important role, which acting as a potential cancer hallmark. It is thus intriguing and important to identify the glycogene-type or glycosyltransferases as the biomarkers for molecular stratification in BC.

Fig.1 Identification of glycogene-based subtypes. (Dalangood, et al., 2020)

Glycogene Discovery Service in BC at CD BioGlyco

Currently, BC still exists the problem encompasses significant mortality, which is a great threat to human health. Hence, glycoprotein has been found overexpressed in more aggressive bladder tumors being widely adopted as a biomarker of BC stem cells.

• Discovery methods
  • Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq): To assess genes and their splicing variants in tumor tissues and characterize the clinical relevance and function of a glycogene.
  • The proximity ligation assay (PLA), immunohistochemistry, and double-immunofluorescence: To evaluate co-localization and short O-glycans.
  • Glycoproteogenomics: To identify multiple glycoprotein forms in BC cells.
  • Matrigel invasion assays: To detect the impact of glycogene silencing on the proliferation and invasion of BC cell lines.
  • Antibody phosphoarray: To investigate the role of CD44 and its glycoforms in the activation of relevant oncogenic signaling pathways.
  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown: To confirm the link between CD44 and invasion in vitro.
  • Systematic transcriptomic analysis: To identify the gene signature for glycogene-type classification.
• BC and glycogene
  • ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 6 (ST3GAL6) gene is a potential biomarker for poor outcomes and cell invasion in urinary BCs (UBCs).
  • CD44s emerge as a biomarker of poor prognosis and CD44-Tn/Sialyl-Tn (STn) as promising molecular signatures for targeted interventions.
  • Core 1 synthase glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-β-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) has a function proliferative and prometastatic in BC.

Fig.2 Glycogene discovery methods in BC. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• Provide a key vision to address the cancer splicing code at the protein level, which may better understand its functional role in health and disease.
• It may contribute significantly to the development of antibodies and other ligands against cancer cells, enabling the creation of the onset of novel theranostics interventions (cancer detection, targeted therapeutics) and decisively aiding patient stratification.
• This analytical strategy sets the grounds for a comprehensive characterization of many different types of tumors, constituting a crucial step toward understanding the role of clinically relevant cell surface proteins in health and disease.

Advantages

• Fully understand the needs of our clients, and conduct extensive technical communication to provide special customized solutions for our clients.
• The client monitors the progress of the project in real-time.
• Customize own solution according to different projects and different clients to help clients complete their projects efficiently.
• Professional laboratory team to provide professional services.

CD BioGlyco is the best servicer of Glycogenomics. Our expert team has extensive experience in Cancer Glycogene research. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us to obtain more information.