CD BioGlyco has top talents in providing comprehensive Technologies for HMO Production. We have years of experience to explore carbohydrates and offer you the best services.
There are many various and naturally occurring bioactive substances in breast milk, such as HMOs. HMOs have been shown as a prebiotic “bifidus factor” that acts as a metabolic substrate for Bifidobacterium spp. and forms intestinal microbiota composition, which has health benefits for neonate. In regulating the microbiome, HMOs prevent coinciding diseases by counteracting dysbiosis in the infant’s intestine.
These HMOs are composed of five types of Monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose, l-fucose, Sialic Acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), and N-acetylglucosamine. Lactose is often attached with sialic acid residues to constitute trisaccharides also named short-chain milk Oligosaccharides. Sialyted lactose could be extended to form complex oligosaccharides by more N-acetylglucosamine repeats up to as long as 15 residues. There are about 200 HMO structures clarified by using a series of biophysical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance; high-performance liquid chromatography, fluorophore derivatization, and mass spectroscopy giving insights into their biochemistry and the nature of linkage.
Fig.1 HMO structures combinations. (Bode, 2012)
They have been broadly classified into three types, namely fucosylated HMOs, non-fucosylated HMOs, and acidic HMOs. Of these core structures, there is a prevalence of structures containing Gal(β1→3)GlnNAc and Gal(β1→4)GlnNAc bonds and all the core structures act as seed structures for further modifications by fucose and/or N-acetylneuraminic acid. iLNO is a neutral, non-sialylated Galβ1-3GlcNAc core HMO.
Fig.2 The core structure of iLNO. (CD BioGlyco)
There are diverse enzyme-catalyzed synthetic methods that have been shown to produce some HMOs, such as glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions with or without cofactor recycling, sialidase- and trans-glycosidase-catalyzed reactions, “one-pot” multienzyme (OPME) and sequential OPME systems, whole-cell approaches, and living-cell strategies. Such efforts, however, have not been applied to the production of more complex structures, especially the ones with branches. With limited access to all enzymes that are needed in research, especially essential glycosyltransferases, a combination of chemical and enzymatic methods can be used. CD BioGlyco uses chemical and enzymatic methods to provide services to produce iLNO. This sugar has been shown to have high purity and is custom synthesized for project needs.
CD BioGlyco devotes to high-quality HMO production and provides many solutions. We have provided various high-quality and efficient services for many clients from different countries. Customers can contact our employees directly and we will respond promptly. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more detailed information.
References
