Nanoparticles (NPs) are solid colloidal particles that range in diameter from 1-1000 nm. And they are composed of macromolecular materials. They have therapeutic applications as vaccine adjuvants or drug carriers. Polymeric microparticles or NPs have found use in vaccine design and gene therapy, which have shown remarkable potential in treating various diseases, including cancer. It is a significant challenge of lacking a suitable carrier, especially in vaccine development. Natural polycation-based carriers are modified by ligand incorporation for targeted delivery to specific cell types. On the other hand, they are safe. Consequently, they are potential carriers in vaccine development.
Fig.1 Schematic of NP vaccine. (Chattopadhyay, et al., 2017)
CD BioGlyco provides several natural polymers like chitosan, dextran, hyaluronic acid, β-cyclodextrin, alginate, and gelatin pullulan that have been investigated as materials for preparing nano vaccines. At CD BioGlyco, the most commonly used is chitosan-based NPs for vaccine development due to their ability to biodegrade. Besides, they are biocompatible, non-toxic, and easily modified in size and shape. Moreover, it has been shown that chitosan possesses the ability to enhance the immune response by activating the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway. This pathway is typically activated by many viral pathogens in host cells and it plays a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. When chitosan interacts with dendritic cells, it stimulates the production of type I interferons in a cGAS and STING-dependent fashion, leading to cell maturation and the promotion of Th1 responses. Hence, we also utilize chitosan-based nanoformulations for the development of vaccines against several pathogens, such as Clostridium botulinum type-A neurotoxin, Neospora caninum, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Newcastle disease.
Fig.2 Our natural polymer NPs. (CD BioGlyco)
Different formulation methods are used to generate chitosan NPs at CD BioGlyco. Of these methods, we commonly generate chitosan NPs through the ionic crosslinking approach. Because the process involves in this approach is simple and gentle, which is particularly important for proteins and viruses. Besides, this method doesn't need the use of chemical cross-linkers, organic solvents, and high temperatures, which are unfavorable for certain active ingredients. Subsequently, we analyze the size and shape of the nanoparticles by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and direct observation under a light microscope.
CD BioGlyco is at the forefront of Carbohydrate-based Vaccine Development, utilizing our state-of-the-art Glyco™ Vaccine Development Platform to develop robust and highly effective vaccines. Our dedicated team of carbohydrate-based vaccine development experts works tirelessly to develop customized vaccine solutions that meet clients' needs and requirements. We also offer various Polysaccharide Antigen Production services for vaccine research. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more detailed information.
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