Functions of Tagatose

Tagatose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide. Tagatose is the stereoisomer epimer of fructose with variation in the spatial configuration of the hydroxyl group at the C-4 position. Which is obtained by hydrolysis of lactose by β-galactosidase and used as a substrate to produce tagatose. Galactose isomerization produces tagatose and sorbose. Approximately 20% to 25% of ingested tagatose is absorbed from the small intestine and the major part of ingested tagatose reaches the large intestine for utilization by the indigenous gut microflora. Currently, tagatose is being used for disease-modifying properties (antidiabetic, obesity control, blood metabolite regulator) as well as for health-promoting effects (anti-aging, antioxidant, and prebiotic). A better understanding of the structure-function relationships of tagatose, as well as identification of the metabolic profiles of target microorganisms will help to address unresolved questions related to the mechanistic pathways of tagatose.

Fig.1 Isomerization of galactose into tagatose and sorbose. (Drabo & Delidovich, 2018)

Tagatose Analysis Service at CD BioGlyco

CD BioGlyco increases the isomerization activity of fructose through structure-based engineering, we provide good interaction analysis and active site modification services. Moreover, we offer stochastic mutagenesis analysis services including saturation mutagenesis and mutagenesis and DNA reorganization after error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

CD BioGlyco has a full suite of comprehensive analytical modalities for the structural and qualitative-quantitative study of monosaccharides. The generated tagatose is quantified by biography liquid chromatography (Bio-LC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in dual chromatographic mode, characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS), and assisted by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR) product characterization. We provide our clients with the raw spectrogram and analytical data reports.

Fig.2 Flowchart of tagatose analysis. (CD BioGlyco)

Publication

Paper Title: Development of tagaturonate 3-epimerase into tagatose 4-epimerase with a biocatalytic route from fructose to tagatose

Technology: LC-MS, NMR

Journal: ACS Catalysis

IF: 12.9

Published: 2020

Results: The conversion of fructose and fructuronate to tagatose and tagaturonate, respectively, by the wild-type, S125D, and S125D/N129T/L140P/T181A/H362L variant tagaturonate 3-epimerases from T. petrophila. The hexose D-fructose and tagatose were quantitatively analyzed using a Bio-LC system. The hexuronates-glucuronate, galacturonate, fructuronate, and tagaturonate were quantitatively analyzed using an HPLC system. The chemical structure was determined by recording the 1D (¹H and ¹³C) and 2D NMR spectra using a spectrometer. The D₂O and tetramethylsilane (TMS) were used as the solvent and the internal standard, respectively.

Fig.3 LC chromatograms for the conversion of tagatose. (Shin, et al., 2020)

Fig.4 1D NMR data and 2D NMR spectrum. (Shin, et al., 2020)

Applications

• Tagatose analysis is a potential tool that detects the blood glucose levels in both healthy and diabetic patients.
• Tagatose analysis evaluates Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation.

Advantages

• Our services with directed expression that improves analytical accuracy.
• Providing you with a fast and accurate comprehensive analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism.

CD BioGlyco has been pursuing innovation and progress in the field of Monosaccharide Analysis. We provide efficient and reliable services for clients in many countries, with the most advanced instruments and perfect experimental procedures. If you are interested in our service, please contact us further to introduce the specific service in detail.

References:

1. Drabo, P.; Delidovich, I. Catalytic isomerization of galactose into tagatose in the presence of bases and Lewis acids. Catalysis Communications. 2018, 107: 24-28.
2. Shin, K.C.; et al. Development of tagaturonate 3-epimerase into tagatose 4-epimerase with a biocatalytic route from fructose to tagatose. ACS Catalysis. 2020, 10(20): 12212-12222.