What Is Blood Type B?

The blood types antigens in the ABO blood group consist primarily of specific oligosaccharides linked to proteins (approximately 90%) and, to a lesser extent, lipids (approximately 10%). Antigens are divided into A, B, or H and are formed by the sequential action of glycosyltransferases encoded by three genetic loci (ABO, FUT1 and FUT2 loci). The addition of fucose residues to a common precursor glycan chain initiates blood-type antigen synthesis, resulting in H antigens, which involve two fucosyltransferases (FUT1, FUT2). The A and B antigens are subsequently synthesized from the H antigen by glycosyltransferases encoded by the A, B, or O alleles of the ABO locus (chromosome 9q34.1-q34.2). The B allele encodes α-1,3-galactosaminotransferase (GTB), which transfers a galactose residue to the third position of a galactose residue present in the H antigen to obtain the B antigen, thus giving blood type B.

Fig.1 Enzymatic pathway for the biosynthesis of A, B, and H antigens. (Anso, et al., 2023)

Blood Type B Sugar Chain-based Cell Surface Glycoengineering Services at CD BioGlyco

The blood type B sugar chain-based cell surface is a specific type of sugar chain structure, the main component is blood type B antigens, which are linked to sugar chains by acetyl-galactosamine groups and are usually expressed on the surface of red blood cells and other cells. CD BioGlyco provides the following cell surface glycoengineering services.

• Introduction of blood type B sugar chain synthase gene-based cell surface

The blood type B sugar chain synthase gene is introduced into cells through gene editing technology, allowing them to independently synthesize blood type B sugar chains. It mainly includes the following steps.

• Gene selection
• Gene cloning
• Vector construction
• Transfection or transformation
• Expression and identification

• Modification of blood type B sugar chain-based cell surface

By directional modification and regulation of blood type B sugar chains-based cell surface, the structure of the sugar chains is changed, thereby affecting its role in biological processes such as cell recognition and signal transduction.

• Glycotransferase-mediated modification
• Enzymatic reaction
• Gene editing technology
• Chemical modification

• Characterization analysis of blood type B sugar chain-based cell surface

Characterization and quantitative analysis of blood type B sugar chains-based cell surfaces determine the structure and number of sugar chains-based cell surfaces, thereby providing insight into the characteristics and functions of blood type B sugar chains-based cell surfaces.

• Immunostaining
• Flow cytometry
• Mass spectrometry
• Glycosyltransferase activity assay
• Enzyme digestion analysis

Fig.2 Blood type B sugar chain-based cell surface glycoengineering services. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• Study on blood type specificity: Introducing blood type B sugar chains-based cell surface to simulate the existence of B-type blood group antigens, research the interaction and recognition mechanism between different blood types.
• Immunological: Using B-type blood sugar chains to modify cell surfaces, studying the interaction and signaling mechanisms between sugar chains and cells, which help reveal the regulatory role of sugar chains in immune responses.
• Biosensor research: Using B-type blood glucose chains to modify the cell surface, a cell genetic engineering platform for biosensing and detection is constructed, which is applied to detect specific molecules or disease markers.

Advantages

• CD BioGlyco has a variety of technology platforms that provide gene editing, enzymatic reactions, chemical modifications, and other means to achieve the synthesis and regulation of blood type B sugar chains-based cell surface.
• CD BioGlyco has advanced analytical equipment and technology, that accurately characterize, quantitatively analyze, and verify the structure of blood type B sugar chains-based cell surface, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the glycoengineering services provided.

CD BioGlyco is a world-class specialty biotechnology company with extensive experience in blood group antigens-based cell surface, we provide high-level Cell Surface Blood Group Antigens Glycoengineering Services. Please feel free to contact us if you would like to learn more about our services.