Origin of Blood Type O

Blood type refers to the recognition system composed of glycoproteins and glycolipid molecules with different types of oligosaccharide chains on the red blood cell membrane and corresponding serum antibodies. In the ABO blood group, the peptide chain of the membrane glycoprotein is the same, and the sugar chain has slight differences, but the physiological functions are different. The difference between different blood group antigens lies in the terminal residues of the sugar chain. The end of the sugar chain of type A antigen is N-acetyl galactose, the end of type B antigen is galactose, and the corresponding position of type O antigen has no sugar group. Therefore, type O antigens will not bind to anti-A or anti-B antibodies to cause an immune response. Since the allelic expression product of individuals with type O blood lacks one nucleotide, the resulting protein is a product without enzymatic activity.

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of ABO blood group. (Wikipedia)

Blood Type O Sugar Chain-based Cell Surface Glycoengineering Services at CD BioGlyco

• Directed introduction and modification of blood group O sugar chains on the cell surface

CD BioGlyco directionally introduces blood type O sugar chains to the cell surface and performs modifications at specific positions. There is an H antigen on the glycosyl of blood type O, which is an unmodified glycosyl structure and provides the following modification services.

• N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)
• Galactose (Gal)
• Fucose (Fuc)
• Phosphorylated sugars
• Sulfated sugars
• Other modifications: amination, methylation, esterification, amidation, etc.

The above modification process needs to be realized by specific enzyme-catalyzed reactions or chemical synthesis methods, which alter the chemical properties, biological activity, and immunological properties of the H antigen, thereby affecting its function and interaction in various physiological processes.

• Construction of blood group O sugar chain expression cell line

CD BioGlyco constructs a cell line that stably expresses blood type O sugar chains and optimizes it to improve the production and stability of sugar chains.

• Structural analysis of blood type O sugar chain on cell surface

CD BioGlyco analyzes and confirms the structure of the blood type O sugar chain through mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other technologies.

Fig.2 Blood type O sugar chain-based cell surface glycoengineering services. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• Blood type conversion: Type O blood lacks type A and type B antigens, and specific transferases (for example, transferase A or B) are used to transfer type A or B antigens to type O blood sugar chains, thus producing the corresponding type A or B blood.
• Tumor study: Change the glycosyl structure on tumor cells through glycoengineering, for example introducing specific antigen or antibody recognition sites, to enhance the immune system's ability to attack tumor cells, or to regulate the growth of tumor cells by changing glycosyl modifications.
• Adhesion and signal transduction: Change the glycosyl structure on the cell surface through glycoengineering, regulate the adhesion and interaction between cells and other cells, proteins, or molecules, which may affect biological processes for example cell signal transduction, extracellular matrix assembly, and cell migration process.

Advantages

• Technical expertise: Our scientists have professional technical capabilities in cell surface glycoengineering and provide high-quality blood type O sugar chain services.
• Efficient sugar chain modification technology: CD BioGlyco uses glycosyltransferase catalyzed reactions to modify and regulate blood type O sugar chains to achieve precise sugar chain structure design.

CD BioGlyco provides a variety of Cell Surface Blood Group Antigens Glycoengineering Services and provides clients with a full range of cell surface glycoengineering solutions. Please feel free to contact us if you would like to acquire more blood type services.