Physiological Function of Galactosamine

Galactose is converted into galactosamine by replacing the 2-hydroxyl group with an amino group. D-galactosamine and D-glucosamine are C4-heterotropic isomers. In nature, it is a component of glycoproteins and proteoglycans that form the support material of animal cells and tissues and is mostly bound in the form of N-acetylgalactosamine. Galactosamine is a component of hyaluronic acid, a powerful water-retaining agent that acts as a lubricant in synovial fluid, connective tissue, and eyeball vitreous fluids. D-galactosamine is a disrupter of uracil nucleoside in hepatocytes, leading to uracil nucleoside depletion and liver transcriptional dysfunction. It results in the inhibition of biosynthesis of nucleic acids, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc., thus limiting the production and recruitment of organelles and enzymes.

Fig.1 Mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by D-galactosamine. (Maes, et al., 2016)

Galactosamine Analysis Service at CD BioGlyco

Galactosamine is an important component of living cells and a typical model hepatotoxin used to study the mechanisms of liver injury. CD BioGlyco has mastered the technology of galactosamine metabolism analysis and has professional analysts to provide clients with efficient and economical galactosamine metabolism analysis services.

• CD BioGlyco provides high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods for sample separation. An evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is used to quickly and accurately detect galactosamine content changes in complex samples.
• CD BioGlyco will provide the corresponding galactosamine standard solution according to the needs of clients. We also accept standard products you offer, to ensure the reliability and authenticity of the results.
• At CD BioGlyco, the galactosamine metabolite extraction method is followed by weighing a certain amount of solid sample and adding it into deionized water, ultrasonic treatment for a period to completely dissolve the sample, and taking the specified volume to add into acetonitrile for subsequent detection. Make sure the amount of the sample you provide is greater than 0.2 g or 0.2 mL.
• CD BioGlyco generates a detailed technical report for you, including the experimental procedure, relevant chromatographic parameters, chromatographic pictures, raw data, and galactosamine content information.
• Generally, you will receive a technical report from CD BioGlyco 2~3 weeks after you provide the sample. In emergencies, faster and more efficient detection is achieved.

Fig.2 Sample pretreatment process. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• Qualitative or quantitative detection of galactosamine
• Galactosamine content assay in complex samples
• Analysis of the metabolic pathway of galactosamine

Highlights

• Fast, efficient, cost-effective, and accurate testing solution
• Mild method for sample preparation
• The analysis of galactosamine content in complex samples is feasible
• Quality control of the whole process
• Professional technicist and perfect analysis solutions

CD BioGlyco has a wealth of practical experience in Monosaccharide Metabolism Analysis, ensuring that clients obtain accurate and reproducible analysis results in a fast and cost-effective manner. If you are looking for a carbohydrate metabolism analysis solution, please stop your search and contact us immediately.

Reference:

1. Maes, M.;et al. Experimental models of hepatotoxicity related to acute liver failure. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2016, 290: 86-97.