Characterization of Nucleotides

Nucleotides are a class of compounds consisting of three substances: purine or pyrimidine bases, ribose or deoxyribose, and phosphate. Nucleotides are essential tools for regulating gene expression in biomedical and life sciences research and have been developed as gene-targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of viruses, and tumors. Nucleotide drugs mainly include antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, ribozymes, deoxy ribozymes, transgenes, CpG oligonucleotides, transcription factor decoys, and nucleic acid aptamers. Natural nucleotides are easily degraded in vivo, have low specificity, and have toxic side effects. Therefore, drug nucleotides usually carry specific modifying groups, such as thiophosphate diester bond, fluorine substitution, methylation, and locked nucleic acid, etc., to enhance the stability of nucleotides in vivo, improve specificity, and reduce their toxic side effects. Based on the importance of nucleotides to the human body and the prospect of their development in the pharmaceutical industry, a comprehensive study of nucleotides is imminent.

Fig.1 The process of nucleotide formation. (Wikipedia)

Nucleotide Chemical Synthesis Service at CD BioGlyco

Nucleotide production methods are mainly divided into chemical and biological (Microbial or Enzymatic) production. CD BioGlyco has many years of experience and is well-versed in the use of chemical methods.

At CD BioGlyco, we produce nucleotides mainly from nucleosides in the presence of phosphorylating reagents. In this route, the complex steps of protection and deprotection are avoided, subsequent purification is simple, and a high yield (90%-95%) is achieved overall. We also offer a wide range of phosphorylation reagents to meet our clients' production needs.

In addition, we offer the following routes to produce nucleotides:

• Preparation of nucleotides from nucleoside derivatives
• Preparation of nucleotides from purine derivatives
• Preparation of nucleotides from deoxyribosides
• Nucleotides from nitrogen-containing polycyclic compounds by phosphorylation

In addition to the production of nucleotides, we also provide structural characterization of nucleotides. We have HPLC, NMR, IR, and other professional techniques for comprehensive analysis of products.

Fig.2 Flow chart of chemical production nucleosides services. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• In food processing, nucleotides could be used in the development of flavorings.
• In the pharmaceutical field, nucleotides could be used in the development of anti-tumor and anti-viral drugs.
• Nucleotides can be used as raw materials for the production of plant production regulators and feed additives.

Advantages

• Our chemical synthesis method helps in the mass production of nucleotides.
• The chemical synthesis of nucleotides helps to study the biological functions of nucleotides. This includes antiviral, regulation of gene expression, etc.

CD BioGlyco has many years of research experience in the production of nucleotides. We have a specialized research team that has developed a variety of research protocols in the production of nucleotides. We provide custom nucleotide production solutions to our clients around the world, providing scientific assistance in the development and utilization of nucleotide resources. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.