The Characteristics of TAMRA Labeling

The most commonly used labeling rhodamine dye in oligonucleotide is TAMRA. It is used for labeling reagents, or as a quencher. TAMRA is often used to link antibodies and is labeled by introducing a carboxylic acid group at the 5' or 6' position. Oligonucleotides are labeled with TAMRA using two different methods. TAMRA is not stable enough for strong bases and degrades in the presence of ammonium hydroxide. If deprotection is required, the amino group is synthesized at the 3'- (most common) or 5'-end of the oligonucleotide and labeled with TAMRA after synthesis using a N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester. Oligonucleotides synthesized with mildly deprotected monomers can be labeled directly with TAMRA or in the middle of the sequence by substituting any suitable residues, or by using a 3'-TAMRA controlled-pore glass (CPG) carrier at the 3'-end. TAMRA markers are suitable for complex biological samples and have very high sensitivity due to a very low background.

Fig.1 Molecular structure of TAMRA labeling and mitochondria penetration. (Zhao, et al., 2022)

TAMRA Labeling Service at CD BioGlyco

CD BioGlyco provides high-quality 5-TAMRA, 6-TAMRA, and 5(6)-TAMRA admixture labeling services. The 5,6 mono isomers are monomers purified from the 5(6)-TAMRA admixture. Although there are only minor structural differences between the 5 and 6 structures, these can significantly affect the biological properties of the conjugates formed.

• We recommend the use of TAMRA as the fluorescent labeling reagent of choice for complex biological studies. Our mono isomers have high purity and a long shelf life. Fluorescence in real-time for long periods after application to cells. TAMRA probes are purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and validated by mass spectrometry to ensure the quality of each batch.
• Our company provides dual fluorescent labeling, such as dual labeling of carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and TAMRA. The fluorescence peaks of FAM and the absorption peaks of TAMRA have a large overlap, and effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurs, which can be used to detect molecular structural changes in organisms.
• TAMRA fluorescent dyes can be multiplex amplified by up to three dyes. If the number of amplification repeats is higher than triplicates, we provide a high-quality TaqMan probe. TAMRA probes are typically longer (30 to >40 bases). In addition, more specific and shorter TaqMan non-fluorescent quenching group (NFQ) probes (typically 15 to 20 bases) can be provided.

Fig.2 Flowchart of TAMRA labeling. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications of TAMRA Labeling Service

• TAMRA-labeled oligonucleotides play a key role in prognostic evaluation and drug development in oncology therapy.
• TAMRA-labeled oligonucleotides are used to accumulate specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products detected in real-time.
• TAMRA-labeled oligonucleotides can be used to analysis of the oligonucleotide hybridization junctions.
• TAMRA labeling is suitable for live-cell long-term tracking.
• TAMRA labeling is used for the quantitative analysis of the biomolecules.
• TAMRA labeling has been applied to the activity determination of protease and reductase.

Advantages

• The TAMRA-labeled detection range is wide, and the detection lower limit is low.
• TAMRA-labeled oligonucleotide mapping with high SNR.
• High-purity TAMRA-labeled oligonucleotide fragments increase the sensitivity of diagnostic assays.
• The TAMRA-labeled oligonucleotides have a pH-insensitive quantum yield, excellent photostability, visible light excitation, and chemical stability under physiological conditions.

CD BioGlyco is dedicated to the field of oligonucleotide detection, and we provide colorimetric, Fluorescence, and bioluminescent services. We also provide customers with Fluorescent Dye marking solutions to speed up their research. If you have concerns about this, please feel free to contact us.