CD BioGlyco, having advanced experimental equipments and sophisticated researchers, provides all-sided Technologies for HMO Production. We are your exclusive partner to research carbohydrates deeply.
In the nineteenth century, a study reveals that there is a major component of human milk, an unidentified Carbohydrate, that is not found in cow milk. As this substance is thought to be another form of Lactose, it is named Galactose. It turned out that this substance is not a single carbohydrate, but a complicated mixture of HMOs. There are about 200 types have already been identified. The Oligosaccharide fraction is the third largest solute in human milk and is present in greater quantities than Protein. All HMOs are assembled from only six various Monosaccharides: d-glucose, d-galactose, l-fucose, Sialic Acid, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. It is interesting to note that the six monosaccharides contribute to the construction of Gangliosides in the human brain. This might be related to the fact that the brain is the fastest-growing organ of the infants.
The neutral HMOs are in the absence of a sialyl residue, and the acidic HMOs have at least one sialyl residue in their structures. Examples of such neutral non-fucosylated HMOs include pLNO. pLNO is a greatly weak basic (essentially neutral) oligosaccharide. These oligosaccharides are composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. pLNO has been detected in a few different foods, but not quantified, such as anatidaes, chickens, and domestic pigs. This show that pLNO may become a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. The core structure of pLNO is shown in Fig.1.
Fig.1 The core structure of pLNO. (CD BioGlyco)
Biotechnological methods have proved to be hopeful and paying for the synthesis of diverse HMOs, especially tri- or tetrasaccharide HMOs. Precisely speaking, those HMOs are produced in aqueous media by fermentation of genetically modified bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms. Enzymes, providing a perfect control of stereo- and regio-selectivity, usually have high efficiency to transform for glycan assembly in an aqueous solution without the need for protecting groups. Therefore enzymatic synthesis is an alternative approach that gets over synthetic limitations. Efforts have also been made to develop processes for synthesizing enzymatically mixtures of HMOs. CD BioGlyco uses enzymatic synthesis to produce pLNO. The use of enzymes in the production process would ensure that no harsh chemicals are produced and this would ensure safer products for infants.
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