What Is Globoside?

Globlosides are a subclass of lipid-like Glycosphingolipids with three to nine sugar molecules as side chains of ceramides. Usually a combination of N-acetylgalactosamine, D-glucose, or D-galactose. One feature of globoside is that the "core" sugar consists of glucose-galactose-galactose just like the most basic globoside, globoside ceramide.

Fig.1 Schematic depiction of the biosynthetic pathways of globoside. (Bieri & Ros, 2019)

Globoside-based Cell Surface Glycoengineering Service at CD BioGlyco

With years of experience in Cell Surface Glycolipid Glycoengineering, CD BioGlyco has established efficient cell surface globoside engineering systems, solving various shortcomings of expression systems, and bringing high-quality cell lines to express globoside. The services we offer are as follows:

• Globoside modification services

We achieve the purpose of modifying cell surface glycosides by affecting the activity and properties of galactosyltransferase through specific transgenic cells and bacterial strain expression. Meanwhile, we control for the occurrence of the clathrin-independent pathways for cholesterol and dynein.

• Globoside analysis service

• The globoside is analyzed using in-gel fluorescence scanning, flow cytometry, or matrix-assisted laser desorption.
• Globoside of modified cell surfaces is quantified by radioactivity, mass spectrometry, or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
• In globoside from animal tissue sources, we provide complete extraction, isolation, purification, and construction identification services. After obtaining the mixture by solvent extraction or membrane filtration and purification based on liquid chromatography, and column analysis, globosides belonging to different subclasses are quantified using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS) combined with lipidomics and RNA sequencing.

Fig.2 Flowchart of globoside analysis service. (CD BioGlyco)

Publication

Paper Title: Globoside is dispensable for parvovirus B19 entry but essential at a postentry step for productive infection

Technology: CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, Cells cotransfect, PCR

Journal: Journal of Virology

IF: 5.4

Published: 2019

Results: Following virus entry into the host nucleus, the incoming ssDNA genome is converted to the double-stranded monomer replicative form (mRF), which serves as the template for virus replication and transcription. In KO cells, we found that dsDNA corresponding to the mRF size was barely detectable and no dimer RF was found during active DNA replication in assays. It can therefore be inferred that globoside does not play a critical role in the second-strand synthesis of the genome. However, in the absence of Gb4, the mRF remains transcriptionally inactive. In the latter phase of productive infection, globoside plays essential roles, either directly interacting with the incoming virus, or using signal transduction.

Fig.3 B19V DNA replication and capsid proteins are not detectable in Gb4 KO cells. (Bieri & Ros, 2019)

Applications of Globoside-based Cell Surface Glycoengineering

• Globoside-based cell surface is the primary receptor for parvovirus, providing new strategies for the development of antiviral therapies.
• Are highly expressed during embryogenesis as well as organogenesis including tooth development, and globoside-based cell surface glycoengineering can be used as positive modulators of dental therapy.
• Globoside-based cell surface glycoengineering promotes EGFR-induced MAPK signaling for applications in cancer diagnosis and drug targeting.
• Modified and regulated globoside-based cell surface glycoengineering can be used as a membrane receptor. It involves the communication of the oligosaccharides and the hydrophobic domains.

Based on various strategies, CD BioGlyco is confident in providing the best Cell Surface Glycoengineering services to our clients all over the world. There is no doubt that our services will contribute to the success of your project in a shorter period. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.