GSLs are a highly heterogeneous class of lipids composed of long-chain bases (sphingosine), fatty acids, and carbohydrates. These molecules have two regions: a lipid hydrophobic part (ceramide: consisting of the long-chain bases substituted at the amino group by a fatty acid) and a carbohydrate hydrophilic part (glycosidically bonded to the primary hydroxyl group of sphingosine). This unusual combination is partly what gives the GSL its many features and capabilities. It is a ubiquitous membrane component found in the outer layer of the plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells. GSL is also involved in many biological processes such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cell-cell adhesion, cell migration, growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell signaling, and apoptosis. Changes in the concentration and structure of GSL are associated with a wide range of human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, skin disorders diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cystic fibrosis.
Fig.1 Chemical structures of the neutral and acidic GSL. (Hořejší, et al., 2021)
GSL and its metabolites are potential molecules as new biomarkers in many diseases and new targets in cancer drug research. Therefore, it is important to develop specific methods for the isolation, detection, and structural characterization of GSLs that are as comprehensive as possible. Due to the structural diversity of GSL molecules, their isolation, detection, and structural analysis is a challenging task. At CD BioGlyco, we have developed a One-stop GSL Research Solution to achieve the comprehensive analysis of GSL via various lipidomic methods. GSLs are generally less abundant and ionize less efficiently than other lipid subclasses, thus requiring sensitive strategies to detect them. Mass Spectrometry (MS) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an efficient method that provides high separation efficiency and molecular weight information in a single analysis. CE-MS has the advantages of high resolution and high sensitivity.
Fig.2 GSL analysis flowchart. (CD BioGlyco)
In addition, we also provide diverse GSL products for global clients, including but not limited to:
| Cat. No. | Product Name | Cat. No. | Product Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| XGB725 | N-(NBD-Aminocaproyl)sphingosine β-D-galactosyl | XGB758 | Disialoganglioside GD1b from bovine brain |
| XGB726 | N-(NBD-Aminocaproyl)sphingosine β-D-lactosyl | XGB759 | Lysoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain |
| XGB727 | N-(NBD-Aminolauroyl)sphingomyelin | XGB760 | Monosialoganglioside GM3 from canine blood |
| XGB728 | N-(NBD-Aminolauroyl)sphingosine β-D-lactosyl | XGB761 | Monosialoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain, ≥95% |
| XGB754 | Asialoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain | XGB762 | Monosialoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain, γ-irradiated, ≥95% (TLC) |
| XGB755 | Asialoganglioside GM2 from bovine brain | XGB763 | Monosialoganglioside GM2 from bovine brain |
| XGB756 | Disialoganglioside GD2 from bovine brain | XGB764 | Trisialoganglioside GT1b from bovine brain |
| XGB757 | Disialoganglioside GD1a from bovine brain | XGB765 | Sulfatides from bovine brain |
CD BioGlyco provides efficient and accurate GSL characterization services through advanced CE-MS systems and techniques. Our services have been recognized by many national scientists. If you are interested in our GSL structural analysis services, please feel free to contact us for more information.
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