Biological Relevance of the Phosphate Groups of Nucleotides

Nucleotide phosphate groups are indispensable constituents found in a wide array of drugs, encompassing antivirals, anticancer agents, and immunomodulators. Synthesis methods based on polar groups offer the capacity to generate nucleotide phosphate groups with varying characteristics and functions. These groups assume a pivotal role as essential raw materials in drug development, particularly in the creation of antivirals, anticancer agents, and immunomodulators. Furthermore, the utility extends to the realm of life science research, where they enable comprehensive exploration of DNA and RNA structures, functions, and the genetic variations correlated with hereditary diseases. In addition to the pharmaceutical significance, nucleotide phosphate groups also play a consequential part in the advancement of bioenergy technologies. Notably, in the domain of biofuel cells, these groups exhibit the potential to act as electron transporters, actively participating in electrical energy conversion processes.

Fig.1 Chemical structures of two nucleotide HepDirect clinical candidates. (Thornton, et al., 2016)

Phosphate Group Production by Polar Group Service at CD BioGlyco

CD BioGlyco provides the most comprehensive Nucleoside & Nucleotide Modification Service to our clients by using the state-of-the-art Glyco™ Synthesis Platform. Our services include Base-based Modification, Sugar-based Modification, and Phosphate Group-based Modification. We are widely recognized in the industry for our phosphate group production service and the following are specifics of our service:

• Project Preparation
  We will select an appropriate phosphorylation reagent such as triphenylphosphine (PPh3). These reagents are pro-phosphorylating and can react with the hydroxyl group in the nucleotide and transfer the phosphate group to the nucleotide.
• Reaction Process
  We dissolve the nucleotide with the phosphorylation reagent in a suitable solvent and add an amount of catalyst, such as N, N-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), to increase the efficiency of the reaction. Under appropriate temperature conditions, the phosphorylation reagent transfers its phosphate group to the hydroxyl group in the nucleotide, forming a phosphate bond. At the same time, the phosphorylation reaction generates corresponding by-products such as Triphenylphosphine oxide or Tetramethylhexafluorophosphate.
• Product Treatment
  Finally, the target nucleotide phosphate product is obtained by a treatment such as a hydrolysis reaction or deprotection reaction of the obtained phosphate ester, which allows the phosphate group to combine with the nucleotide to form a phosphodiester bond.

Fig.2 Flow chart of the phosphate group production. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• By chemically modifying the phosphate groups of nucleotides, nucleic acid probes with improved properties can be synthesized for genomics and genetics research.
• The activity, solubility, and stability of drug molecules can be enhanced and their pharmacokinetic properties can be improved by phosphorylation modification of nucleotide molecules.
• Phosphorylation modifications enable the construction of DNA or RNA molecules that are stable enough to be used in areas such as gene synthesis and gene delivery. 

Advantages of Us

• Our chemical modification method has been carefully designed and optimized to enable phosphate group production of nucleotides in a shorter period and with high selectivity for the target molecules, avoiding unwanted side reactions.
• We offer a wide range of nucleotide phosphorylation modification services covering a variety of nucleotide types and phosphorylation sites.
• We offer personalized retouching solutions based on the client's specific needs and sample characteristics.

As a professional biochemistry service provider, CD BioGlyco has advanced technology and facilities to provide high-quality phosphate group production by polar group service to support your nucleotide synthesis. Please feel free to contact us for more details if you are interested in our services.