GSL is a subclass of glycolipids found in the cell membranes of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. GSL is mainly synthesized in vertebrates and insects, but not in plants. GSL is directly linked by carbohydrates to ceramide molecules and produces glucosylceramide or galactosylceramide, respectively. In general, GSL is divided into two categories: neutral GSLs and acidic GSLs. Acidic GSL typically includes gangliosides containing one or more sialic acids and sulfate-containing sulfolipids.
GSL is essential for the proper functioning of cell surface receptors. Gangliosides plus lacto-series and neolacto-series GSL are involved in cell recognition and determine the antigenicity and differentiation state of cells. In addition to their effects on normal cells, the pattern, quantity, and distribution of GSLs also greatly influence pathological processes such as inherited metabolic disorders, neuronal diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.
Fig.1 Function of GSL. (Zhang, et al., 2019)
Due to their structural complexity, microscopic heterogeneity, and low abundance, GSL structural elucidation of cell surfaces is a major obstacle. And more sensitive and structurally informative analytical techniques are urgently needed. Since 1990, mass spectrometry (MS) technology has accelerated the development of GSL structure analysis and glycosphingolipidomics as a standard combined method for the separation of pure oligosaccharides and elucidation of glycolipid structures.
CD BioGlyco is a leading glycobiology company providing high-quality MS-based GSL Structural Analysis Service for clients. We have combined MS with various techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) to better obtain GSL structural information from complex mixtures. Here we resolve by GC-MS a permethylated oligosaccharide mixture containing compounds with up to seven sugar residues in the carbohydrate chain. Our analysis process is as follows:
Fig.2 GSL analysis flowchart. (CD BioGlyco)
In addition, we also provide diverse GSL products for global clients, including but not limited to:
| Cat. No. | Product Name | Cat. No. | Product Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| XGB725 | N-(NBD-Aminocaproyl)sphingosine β-D-galactosyl | XGB758 | Disialoganglioside GD1b from bovine brain |
| XGB726 | N-(NBD-Aminocaproyl)sphingosine β-D-lactosyl | XGB759 | Lysoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain |
| XGB727 | N-(NBD-Aminolauroyl)sphingomyelin | XGB760 | Monosialoganglioside GM3 from canine blood |
| XGB728 | N-(NBD-Aminolauroyl)sphingosine β-D-lactosyl | XGB761 | Monosialoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain, ≥95% |
| XGB754 | Asialoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain | XGB762 | Monosialoganglioside GM1 from bovine brain, γ-irradiated, ≥95% (TLC) |
| XGB755 | Asialoganglioside GM2 from bovine brain | XGB763 | Monosialoganglioside GM2 from bovine brain |
| XGB756 | Disialoganglioside GD2 from bovine brain | XGB764 | Trisialoganglioside GT1b from bovine brain |
| XGB757 | Disialoganglioside GD1a from bovine brain | XGB765 | Sulfatides from bovine brain |
CD BioGlyco is a company focused on glycobiology research and has developed advantageous platforms such as Glycomics, Glycoproteomics, and Glyco™ Synthesis Platform. To meet the needs of GSL research, we have developed a One-stop Solution for GSL Research to provide clients with GSL extraction, purification, composition analysis, and structural characterization services. If you are interested in our GSL structural analysis services, please feel free to contact us for more information.
Reference
